PERUBAHAN LINGKUNGAN DAN EVOLUSI MANGROVE DI PULAU BELITUNG SELAMA HOLOSEN AKHIR BERDASARKAN REKAMAN POLEN

Eko Yulianto, Woro Sri Sukapti, Praptisih Praptisih

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/jgk.17.2.2019.578

Abstract


Studi sejarah fluktuasi muka air laut dan perubahan lingkungan di Paparan Sunda masih sedikit dilakukan. Ada dua isu yang saling terkait yang menjadi permasalahan utama terkait dengan perubahan muka air laut di wilayah ini yaitu kurangnya rekaman data fluktuasi muka air laut dan perubahan lingkungan selama kurun waktu mid-late Holosen dengan kualitas yang bagus. Hal itu memiliki konsekwensi terhadap munculnya isu kedua yaitu tidak terdefinisikannya secara jelas dan tepat baik waktu maupun besaran posisi muka air laut pada saat mid-Holosen. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk merekonstruksi perubahan lingkungan selama Holosen Akhir di wilayah Paparan Sunda menggunakan rekaman polen endapan mangrove. Pemboran tangan dilakukan guna pengamatan stratigrafi dan pengambilan sampel untuk analisis-analisis sedimentologi dan mikropaleontologi di laboratorium. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa perubahan lingkungan terjadi di Pulau Belitung selama setidaknya 1500 tahun terakhir sebagai akibat dari proses progradasi. Proses ini menyebabkan garis pantai terus maju hingga mencapai posisi saat ini. Endapan mangrove di lokasi penelitian juga merekam kejadian insidentil yang secara hipotetis diduga sebagai peristiwa tsunami akibat letusan Krakatau yang terjadi pada tahun 1883 AD dan sekitar 535-536 AD.

Kata Kunci: Belitung, polen, mangrove, Mid-Holosen, Krakatau, muka laut, perubahan lingkungan.

There is only minor study on sea-level fluctuation and environmental change in Sunda Shelf. The main isues in this area are lacking good quality of sea-level fluctuation and environmental change record during mid-late Holocene in which accordingly the onset time and sea-level height of the Mid-Holocene Maximum Transgression event have not been well defined. This study aims to reconstruct environmental changes during late Holocene in the Sunda Shelf area based on mangrove pollen record. Hand-auger was applied to make stratigraphic observation and sampling for sedimentological and micropaleontological analyses in the laboratory. Result of this study shows environmental changes occured within the last ca.1500 years due to coastal progradation in Belitung. This progradation shifted the coastal line seaward to attain the present position. The pollen record also reflects rapid and brief changes that may hypothetically be interpreted as the 535-536 AD and 1883 AD Krakatau tsunamis.

Keywords: Belitung, pollen, mangroves, Mid-Holocene, Krakatau, sea level, environmental changes.


Keywords


Belitung;polen;mangrove,;Mid-Holosen;Krakatau;muka laut;perubahan lingkungan

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/jgk.17.2.2019.578

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