BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT BEHAVIOUR OF COASTAL SOIL FOR THE PLANNED BALONGAN PORT DEVELOPMENT, WEST JAVA

Adam Raka Ekasara, Purnomo Raharjo, Susilowati Susilowati

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/bomg.40.1.2025.943

Abstract


The planned development of Balongan Port in West Java requires a comprehensive geotechnical evaluation to support foundation planning at the proposed site, which is underlain by soft, clay-rich sediments. This study aims to assess the bearing capacity of the subsurface and predict potential settlement behaviour by integrating field and laboratory investigations. Standard Penetration Test (SPT) data from two boreholes, BH-3 (14 m) and BH-4 (18 m), and were complemented by laboratory analyses of soil physical and mechanical properties. The site is primarily composed of high-plasticity clay, known for its low strength, high compressibility, and variable geotechnical characteristics. Calculations based on SPT results yielded allowable loads of 53.1 tons at BH-3 and 39.0 tons at BH-4, respectively, while laboratory analyses indicated significantly higher bearing capacities of 265.9 tons and 884.4 tons, respectively. Settlement predictions based on SPT and laboratory data were 0.61 cm and 2.07 cm, with an estimated 90% consolidation period of about 12.9 years. These findings emphasize the variability and compressibility of the soft clay strata as well as the importance of employing multiple assessment methods. The study provides essential input for foundation planning and highlights the need for integrated geotechnical assessment methods to ensure the safety, reliability, and long-term performance of pile-supported structures at the proposed port site.


Keywords


Pile foundation; SPT; bearing capacity; settlement prediction; Balongan Port

Full Text:

PDF

References


Achdan, A., & Sudana, D., 1992. Peta Geologi Indramayu dan Sekitarnya. Skala 1:100.000. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi, 1p.

Agustian, Y., Komarudin, U., & Ardiansyah, N. P. 2024. Sample Disturbance and Its Impact on Soil Properties in Laboratory Soil Mechanics Testing: A Literature Review. MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL, 30(1), 36–46. https://doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v30i1.58043

Allen, K., & Psarris, P., 2024. Just how accurate are the correlations between SPT N-Value and basic geotechnical strength parameters?, https://australiangeomechanics.org/papers/just-how-accurate-are-the-correlations-between-spt-n-value-and-basic-geotechnical-strength-parameters/, accessed at 2025-04-06.

Bo, M., Arulrajah, A., Sukmak, P., & Horpibulsuk, S., 2015. Mineralogy and geotechnical properties of Singapore marine clay at Changi. Soils and Foundations, 55, pp. 600-613. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SANDF.2015.04.011.

Bowles, J., 1993. Analisis dan Desain Pondasi Jilid 2. Penerbit Erlangga, 474p.

Budiono, K., & Rahardjo, P., 2008. Studi Penurunan Sedimen Kuarter di Cirebon, Propinsi Jawa Barat. Jurnal Geologi Kelautan, vol. 6 no. 1, 53-68.

Fernando, H., Nugroho, S. A., Suryanita, R., & Kikumoto, M., 2021. Prediction of SPT value based on CPT data and soil properties using ANN with and without normalization. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.29099/ijair.v5i2.208

Hardiyatmo, H., 2002. Mekanika Tanah I. Gajah Mada University Press, 490p.

Hardiyatmo, H., 2010. Analisis Perancangan Pondasi Bagian 1. Gajah Mada University Press 591p.

Ilahude, D, & Usman, E., 2009. Pendekatan Secara Empirik Terhadap Gejala Perubahan Garis Pantai Daerah Indramayu Dan Sekitarnya. Jurnal Geologi Kelautan, vol. 7 no. 2 99-110.

Indraratna, B., Rujikiatkamjorn, C., Balasubramaniam, A. S., & McIntosh, G., 2012. Soft ground improvement via vertical drains and vacuum assisted preloading. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 30, 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2011.01.004

Jusi, U., Pratikso, & Maizir, H., 2024. Numerical Model Analysis Of Subgrade Settlement With Foam Mortar Reinforcement Based On Thickness Variation. Journal of Applied Engineering Science, 22(4), 810–818. https://doi.org/10.5937/JAES0-53365

Meyerhof, G.G., 1976. Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Pile Foundations. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Eng. Div. vol 102 No.GT3, pp. 197-228.

Raharjo P., Rahmat B., Budiono K., Saputra M. D., Hadi S., Rahardiawan R., 2006. Studi Kelautan dan Penyusunan Basic Design dalam Rangka Pengembangan Dermaga LPG/Propylene PT Pertamina UP VI Balongan. Pusat Pengembangan Geologi Kelautan. Internal Report. Unpublished.

Robertson, P.K., 2012. The James K. Mitchell Lecture: Interpretation of In-Situ Tests—Some Insights. In: Coutinho, R.Q. and Mayne, P.W., Eds., Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization 4, Routledge, Abingdon, 3-2.

Ruggeri, P., Fruzzetti, V. M. E., & Scarpelli, G., 2019. Renovation of quay walls to meet more demanding requirements: Italian experiences. Coastal Engineering, 147, 25–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2019.01.003

Mitchell, J. K. and Soga, K., 2005. Fundamentals of Soil behaviour, vol. 158, no. 1.

Shah, A., 2021. Study of Maliya Marine Clay for a Highway Embankment. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3383-6_39.

Singh, D., Jha, J. N., & Gill, K. S., 2016. Strength Evaluation of Soil Subgrade Using In-situ Tests. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 4(6), 201–212. https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2016.040601

Truong, M. N., & Duong, T., 2020. An assessment on reliability of SPT data in determining the bearing capacity of pile installed into cohesive soil (a case study). 6th International Conference on Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization (ISC2020). https://doi.org/10.53243/ISC2020-102

Zdravković, L., Potts, D. M., & Taborda, D. M. G., 2021. Integrating laboratory and field testing into advanced geotechnical design. Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment, 27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gete.2020.100216

Zhang, Z., Ye, G. B., & Xu, Y., 2018. Comparative analysis on performance of vertical drain improved clay deposit under vacuum or surcharge loading. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 46(2), 146–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2017.11.002




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/bomg.40.1.2025.943

Accredited by Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Republic Indonesia 

Abstracted/Indexed by: