MORFODINAMIKA JANGKA PENDEK PENDANGKALAN DI ALUR PELAYARAN BARITO, KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Franto Novico, Arif Ali, Eko Saputro, Adi Sinaga, Andi Egon

Abstract


Potensi sumber daya mineral di pulau Kalimantan pada umumnya berada di hulu-hulu sungai yang relatif jauh dari pantai. Potensi ini pada umumnya telah dieksplorasi bahkan dieksploitasi, namun kendala yang umum dihadapi adalah pengangkutan hasil tambang tersebut. Keterbatasan sarana dan prasaran transportasi darat akibat kondisi alam yang berawa sehingga menyebabkan pilihan jatuh kepada transportasi sungai yang lebih murah efektif dan efisien. Kendala yang umum terjadi pada system transportasi melalui sungai adalah pendangkalan di alur masuk dan muara sungai, oleh karena itu diperlukan pengerukan untuk pendalaman alur pelayaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari perubahan morfologi akibat sedimen yang menyebabkan pendangkalan dan penyempitan pada muara Sungai Barito. Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk analisis perubahan morfodinamika dilakukan dengan bantuan simulasi model numerik dengan menggunakan software Delft3D.
Berdasarkan simulasi model morfodinamika Delft 3D, maka dapat diketahui sedimentasi tertinggi terjadi pada areal lokasi sekitar muara Sungai Barito, dimana terjadi pendangkalan sampai sebesar 1,2 meter per-tahun. Sedangkan pada bagian selatan alur pelayaran terjadi penyempitan sebesar 300-400 meter per tahun. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi morfologi sangat dipengaruhi oleh debit Sungai Barito.
Kata kunci: Morfodinamika, Dasar Laut, Alur Pelayaran, Sungai Barito, Kalimantan Selatan, Delft3D, Pemodelan erosi dan sedimentasi

 

The potency of mineral reserves in Kalimantan Island has mostly located at the upstream area that is quiet far from the coastline. Generally, the mineral potency have been explored and sometime exploited, however the most common problem in this system is how to transport of those reserves. The limitation of onland facilities and infrastructures due to swampy area caused the river transportation is the cheapest, affective and efficient choosen alternative.
However, the most common constraints on river transportation systems are silting in the inlet and estuarine. Therefore the dredging is obviously important for deepening of the access channel. The aim of this study is to reveal morphological changes due to sediment transport that is causing silting and narrowing the area around the Barito estuarine. The numerical model using Delft3D is conducted to analyse the morphodynamic changing.
Based on the Delft3D model simulation results, the highest sediment deposition occurs at a location near the Barito river estuary, where the sedimentation rate is up to 1.2 meter per year. In the southern part of the navigation canal, the canal width is reduced up to 300-400 meter per year. These indicate that the morphological process at this location highly influenced by the river discharge.
Keywords: Morphodynamic, Seabed, Access Channel, Barito River,Delft3d, Erosion and Sedimentation Model


Keywords


Morfodinamika; Dasar Laut; Alur Pelayaran; Sungai Barito; Kalimantan Selatan; Delft3D; Pemodelan erosi dan sedimentasi

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/jgk.15.2.2017.402